Discrete cortico-hippocampal circuit states underlie mood state transitions in depression

The hippocampus has long been implicated in depression, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Leveraging precision functional mapping in densely sampled individuals and large cross-sectional cohorts, and validating key results in direct intracranial EEG recordings from the human brain, we show that hippocampal connectivity alternates between two discrete and opposing network states on the order of minutes: one dominated by default mode network (DMN) coupling and another by sensorimotor system (SM) coupling. This dynamic switching is a fundamental property of hippocampal

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